Output gaps for advanced economies are calculated as actual GDP less potential GDP as a percent of potential GDP. Estimates of output gaps are subject to a significant margin of uncertainty. For a discussion of approaches to calculating potential output, see Paula R. De Masi, IMF Estimates of Potential Output: Theory and Practice, in Staff Studies for the World Economic Outlook (Washington: IMF, December 1997), pp. 40-46.
国注記
See notes for: Gross domestic product, constant prices (National currency).